YUBI-Real2Sim: 3DGS Scene Verification for Reliable Policy Evaluation

Engineering notes

Engineering notes will be added by the Robot Papers editorial team.

Chinese explanation / 中文解读

中文解读待补充：本站会优先为 VLA、具身智能、人形机器人控制、机器人操作等高价值论文补充中文说明。

Original abstract

Evaluating VLA policies on real robots is costly, time-consuming, and difficult to reproduce, making real-to-sim simulation essential for scalable evaluation. While 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) enables rapid real-to-sim scene generation, the reconstruction quality required for reliable policy evaluation remains unquantified. In particular, policies relying on wrist-mounted fisheye cameras (e.g., YUBI handheld gripper data) are heavily exposed to visual artifacts (holes, floaters) in wide-angle views, directly degrading task performance. To address this, we present YUBI-Real2Sim, a unified framework for 3DGS-based scene reconstruction and real-to-sim policy evaluation under dual fisheye wrist views. We develop an integrated pipeline combining 200-degree fisheye camera capture, 3DGS training, 3D foundation models for object modeling, and MuJoCo-based physical simulation, reproducing the observed real-world policy ordering in eight of nine scene-task comparisons. Using this framework, we construct a benchmark across two bimanual robot platforms, three scenes, three tasks, and dual pi0.5-based policies. This systematically measures real-to-sim rank agreement and evaluates policy sensitivity against counterfactual 3DGS artifacts (ceiling holes, floaters, warping) and capture disturbances. We further analyze whether novel-view quality scores can indicate policy-ranking reliability under a scene-held-out evaluation protocol. The results show task-dependent performance and limitations of quality-based reliability prediction, highlighting the need to assess reconstruction quality when using Real2Sim for policy evaluation. These results do not yet establish a generally reliable scene-acceptance rule. Project Page: https://yubi-real2sim.airoa.io.

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